M. Kozlowski, J. Marciak-Kozlowska From Quarks to Bulk Matter. Physics of the Causal Thermal Phenomena, Hadronic Press, USA, 2001

M. Kozlowski, J. Marciak-Kozlowska Thermal Processes using Attosecond Laser Pulses When Time Matters Springer, USA, 2006

M. Kozlowski Physica Viva Dorrance Publishing Co, Pittsburgh, PA, USA, 2006

New papers

Papers:

1. Author: Janina Marciak-Kozlowska, Miroslaw Kozlowski and Magdalena Pelc
   Title: Klein-Gordon Thermal Equation with Casimir Potential for Ultra-Short Laser Pulses
   Reference: to be published in Lasers In Engineering
   Year: 2006
   Abstract:
   In this paper the thermal Klein-Gordon equation (K-EG) is solved for the interaction of attosecond laser pulses with a medium in which the Casimir force operates. It is shown that for nanoscale structures, NEMS and MEMS, the attosecond laser pulses can be used as a tool for the investigation of the role played by Casimir forces on a nanoscale.
   Key words:Casimir force, NEMS (Nano Electro Mechanical Systems), MEMS (Micro Electro MEchanical Systems), attosecond laser pulses.
   



2. Author: Janina Marciak-Kozlowska, Miroslaw Kozlowski and Magdalena Pelc
   Title: Klein-Gordon Thermal Equation for Microtubules Excited by Ultra-Short Laser Pulses
   Reference: to be published in Lasers In Engineering
   Year: 2006
   Abstract:
   Heat signaling in microtubules (MT) is investigated in this paper. It is argued that to describe the heat signaling phenomena in MT. the hyperbolic heat transport (HHT) equation should be used. It is shown that HHT is the Klein-Gordon (K-G) equation. The general solution for the K-G equation for MT is derived. The Heisenberg uncertainty principle is discussed and derived for undistorted signal propagation in MT. The de-coherence-relaxation in microtubules is calculated and the value of the order of microseconds obtained, in fairly good agreement with experimental data.
   Key words: microtubules, heat signaling, Klein-Gordon equation, Heisenberg principle, de-coherence time.
   



3. Author: J.Marciak-Kozlowska, M.Pelc, M.Kozlowski
   Title: The two mode Heaviside equation for ultra-short laser pulses interaction with matter
   Reference: http://lanl.arxiv.org/cond-mat/0607681
   Year: 2006
   Abstract:
   In his paper the two mode Heaviside equation was formulated and solved. It was shown that the interaction of ultra-short laser pulses with matter leads to two mode excitation electrons and phonons which afterwards diffuse with finite velocities.
   Key words: ultra-short laser pulses hyperbolic diffusion, Heaviside equation.
   



4. Author: Miroslaw Kozlowski, Janina Marciak-Kozlowska
   Title: Heat Hyperbolic Diffusion in Planck Gas
   Reference: http://lanl.arxiv.org/physics/0607053
   Year: 2006
   Abstract:
   In this paper we investigate the diffusion of the thermal pulse in Planck Gas. We show that the Fourier diffusion equation gives the speed of diffusion, v > c and breaks the causality of the thermal processes in Planck gas. For hyperbolic heat transport v < c and causality is valid.
   Key words: Thermal pulse , causality, Planck gas.
   



5. Author: J. Marciak-Kozlowska, M. Kozlowski
   Title: Special relativity description of the heat propagation in Minkowski spacetime
   Reference: http://lanl.arxiv.org/cond-mat/0606070
   Year: 2006
   Abstract:
   In this paper we investigate the heat transport induced by continuous laser beams up to an intensity of about 10²⁹ Watt/cm². We maintain that up to this intensity nonlinear effects are negligible and that the application of the linear hyperbolic heat transport equation is fully justifiable. We show that the Fourier diffusion equation gives the speed of diffusion, v > c and breaks the causality of the thermal processes in Minkowski space-time. For hyperbolic heat transport c>v and causality is valid.
   Key words: high energy continuous laser beams, causality, Minkowski space-time.
   



6. Author: J. Marciak-Kozlowska, M. Kozlowski
   Title: On the classical quantum transition in heat phenomena induced by continuous high energy laser pulses
   Reference: http://lanl.arxiv.org/astro-ph/0604054
   Year: 2006
   Abstract:
   In this paper the continuous laser beam interaction with matter is investigated. The velocities of the thermal propagation are calculated. It is shown that for the value of the product omega tau> 1, omega is the angular frequency of the laser beam and tau is the relaxation time for thermal phenomena, the Heisenberg uncertainty VT > [ h/2] is fulfilled, V is the potential energy of the heat carriers and T_P is the period of the laser beam.
   Key words: Continuous laser beam; Thermal phenomena; Heisenberg relation.
   



7. Author: M. Kozlowski, J. Marciak-Kozlowska
   Title: High-order wave equation for thermal transport induced by ultrashort laser pulses
   Reference: Lasers in Engineering, vol. 16, No 1-2, 2006
   Year: 2006
   Abstract:
   In this paper the high-order partial differential equation (PDE) for thermal phenomena are discussed. It is shown that third-order wave equation for thermal phenomena describes strongly damped thermal wave. For the x/lambda>1, where lambda is the mean free path the solution of the third-order wave equation is completely attenuated.
   Key words: Attosecond laser pulses; Third-order wave equation; Thermal phenomena.
   



8. Author: M. Kozlowski, J. Marciak-Kozlowska
   Title: The possible source of the UHECR observed in AGASA experiment
   Reference: http://lanl.arxiv.org/astro-ph/0601511
   Year: 2006
   Abstract:
   In this paper the results of AGASA experiment is discussed. It is argued that the UHECR radiation is composed of long lived particles with mass m_x ~ 10¹³m_p where m_x is the proton mass.
   Key words: UHECR, Modified Lorentz transformation; New particles.
   PACS: 96.50.S, 96.50sb, 13.85Tp



9. Author: M. Kozlowski, J. Marciak-Kozlowska
   Title: On the possible thermal tachyons generated by attosecond laser pulses
   Reference: Lasers in Engineering, vol. 16, No 1-2, 2006
   http://lanl.arxiv.org/physics/0601064
   Year: 2006
   Abstract:
   In this paper the existence of the thermal tachyons i.e. quanta of the temperature field, with v > c is described in the theoretical frame of hyperbolic thermal equation. The modified Lorentz transformation are developed. It is argued that thermal tachyons can exist in accordance with modified Lorentz transformation after change c²->-c². The thermal tachyons fulfill the hyperbolic heat transport equation and in principle can be created by attosecond laser pulses.
   Key words: Tachyons; Thermal processes; Attosecond laser pulses.



10. Author: J. Marciak-Kozlowska, M. Kozlowski,
    Title: Interaction of ultrashort laser pulses with carbon nanotubes
    Reference: Lasers in Engineering, vol. 16, No 1-2, 2006
    Year: 2006
    Abstract:
    In this paper the heat transport in carbon nanotubes is investigated. When the dimension of the structure is of the order of the de Broglie wave length the transport phenomena must be analyzed within quantum mechanics. In this paper we developed the Dirac type thermal equation .The solution of the equation-the temperature fields for electrons can be damped or can oscillate depending on the dynamics of the scattering.
    Key words: Carbon nanotubes, ultrashort laser pulses, Dirac thermal equation, temperature fields.



11. Author: M. Kozlowski, J. Marciak-Kozlowska
    Title: Attophysics of thermal phenomena in carbon nanotubes
    Reference: http://lanl.arxiv.org/cond-mat/0511445
    Year: 2005
    Abstract:
    In this paper heat transport in carbon nanotubes is investigated. When the dimension of the structure is of the order of the de Broglie wave length transport phenomena must be analyzed by quantum mechanics. In this paper we derived the Dirac type thermal equation. The solution of the equation for the temperature fields for electron can either be damped or can oscillate depending on the dynamics of the scattering.
    Key words: Carbon nanotubes; Ultrashort laser pulses; Dirac thermal equation; Temperature fields.



12. Author: M. Kozlowski, J. Marciak-Kozlowska
    Title: Klein-Gordon equation with Casimir potential for attosecond laser pulse interaction with matter
    Reference: http://lanl.arxiv.org/quant-ph/0511179
    Year: 2005
    Abstract:
    In this paper the Klein-Gordon equation (KG-E) is solved for the interaction of attosecond laser pulses with medium in which Casimir force operates. It is shown that for nanoscale structures, NEMS and MEMS, the attosecond laser pulses can be used as the tool for the investigation of the role played by Casimir force on the nanoscale.
    Key words: Casimir force; NEMS; MEMS; Attosecond laser pulses.



13. Author: M. Kozlowski, J. Marciak-Kozlowska
    Title: Wave->diffusion transition in microtubules
    Reference: http://lanl.arxiv.org/q-bio.BM/0511033
    Year: 2005
    Abstract:
    In this paper the heat transport in microtubules (MT) is investigated. When the dimension of the structure is of the order of the de Broglie wave length the transport phenomena must be analyzed within quantum mechanics. In this paper we developed the Dirac type thermal equation for MT. The solution of the equation -- the temperature fields for electrons -- can be wave type or diffusion type depending on the dynamics of the scattering.
    Key words: Microtubules; Ultrashort laser pulses; Dirac thermal equation; Temperature fields.



14. Author: J. Marciak-Kozlowska, M. Kozlowski
    Title: Proca equation for laser pulses interaction with matter
    Reference: http://arxiv.org/cond-mat/0510578
    Year: 2005
    Abstract:
    In this paper the interaction of ultrashort laser pulses with matter is investigated. The scattering and potential motion of heat carriers, as well as external force are considered. It is shown that the heat transport is described by the Proca equation. For thermal Heisenberg type relation Vt » (^h/_2p), (t is the relaxation time and V is the potential) the solution of the Proca equation (PR) is the distortionless damped wave equation.
    Key words: Ultrashort laser pulses; Quantum heat transport equation; Proca thermal equation



15. Author: J. Marciak-Kozlowska, M. Kozlowski
    Title: Thermal processes induced in carbon nanotubes by attosecond laser pulses
    Reference: http://arxiv.org/cond-mat/0510141
    Year: 2005
    Abstract:
    In this paper the heat transport in carbon nanotubes is investigated. When the dimension of the structure is of the order of the de Broglie wave length the transport phenomena must be analyzed within quantum mechanics. In this paper we developed the Dirac type thermal equation. The solution of the equation - the temperature fields for electrons can be damped or can oscillate depending on the dynamics of the scattering.
    Key words: Carbon nanotubes; Attosecond laser pulses; Dirac thermal equation; Temperature fields.



16. Author: M. Pelc, J. Marciak-Kozlowska, M. Kozlowski,
    Title: Proca thermal equation for attosecond laser pulses interaction with matter
    Reference: To be published in Lasers in Engineering, 2005
    Year: 2005
    Abstract:
    In this paper the interaction of attosecond laser pulses with matter is investigated. The scattering and potential motion of heat carriers as well as the external force are considered. It is shown that the heat transport is described by thermal Proca equation. For thermal Heisenberg type relation V\tau~\hbar, (\tau is the relaxation time and V is the potential) the solution of the Proca equation (PR) are the distortionless damped wave equation.
    Key words: Attosecond laser pulses; Quantum heat transport equation; Proca thermal equation.



17. Author: J. Marciak-Kozlowska, M. Kozlowski, M. Pelc
    Title: Engineering of the polarization of a quantum vacuum using ultrashort laser pulses
    Reference: To be published in Lasers in Engineering, 2005
    Year: 2005
    Abstract:
    Based on the results presented in our monograph [M. Kozlowski, J. Marciak-Kozlowska, From Quarks to Bulk Matter. Physics of the Causal Thermal Phenomena] we developed the Klein-Gordon thermal equation in which the polarization of a quantum vacuum is taken into account. It is shown that the temperature field created by ultra-short, atto-second laser pulses depends on the polarization factor, K, of the vacuum
    Key words: Quantum vacuum; Klein-Gordon equation.



18. Author: J. Marciak-Kozlowska, M. Kozlowski
    Title: On the Casimir effect in the microelectromechanical systems MEMS
    Reference: http://lanl.arxiv.org/cond-mat/0506226
    Year: 2005
    Abstract:
    In this paper the thermal transport phenomena in MEMS are investigated. The thermal Klein-Gordon transport equation for nanoscale structures is formulated and solved.
    Key words: MEMS, Klein-Gordon equation, Casimir effect.



19. Author: M. Kozlowski, J. Marciak-Kozlowska
    Title: Habitable sphere and fine structure constant, a
    Reference: http://lanl.arxiv.org/physics/0506085
    Year: 2005
    Abstract:
    Future space missions, TPF and Darwin will focus on searches of signatures of life on extrasolar planets. In this paper we look for model independ definition of the habitable zone. It will be shown that the radius of the habitable sphere depends only on the constants of the Nature, a, (^h/_2p), c.
    Key words: Habitable sphere; Fine structure constant a.



20. Author: M. Kozlowski, J. Marciak-Kozlowska
    Title: The Mirror Universes
    Reference: http://lanl.arxiv.org/gr-qc/0505116
    Year: 2005
    Abstract:
    In this paper we investigate the structure of the Mirror Universes. The two universes are coupled with transformation t->-t. It is shown that for Planck scale the oscillations of temperature of the universes are observed. For the Mirror Universes the temperature fields are shifted in phase.
    Key words: Gravity, universe temperature, oscillation of temperature.



21. Author: J. Marciak-Kozlowska, M. Kozlowski, M. Pelc
    Title: Klein-Gordon thermal equation with Casimir potential for ultra-short laser pulses
    Reference: To be published in Lasers in Engineering, 2005
    Year: 2005
    Abstract:
    In this paper the thermal Klein-Gordon equation (K-GE) is solved for the interaction of attosecond laser pulses with medium in which Casimir force operates. It is shown that for nanoscale structures, NEMS and MEMS, the attosecond laser pulses can be used as the tool for the investigation of the role played by Casimir force on the nanoscale.
    Key words: Casimir force; NEMS, MEMS, Attosecond laser pulses



22. Author: J. Marciak-Kozlowska, M. Kozlowski, M. Pelc
    Title: Klein-Gordon thermal equation for microtubules excited by ultra-short laser pulses
    Reference: To be published in Lasers in Engineering, 2005
    Year: 2005
    Abstract:
    In this paper the heat signaling in microtubules (MT) is investigated. It is argued that for the description of the heat signaling phenomena in MT, the hyperbolic heat transport (HHT) equation must be used. It is shown that HHT is the Klein-Gordon (K-G) equation. The general solution for the K-G equation for MT is obtained. For the undistorted signal propagation in MT the Heisenberg uncertainty principle is formulated and discussed. The decoherence-relaxation time in microtubules is calculated and the value of the order of microseconds is obtained in fairly good agreement with experimental data.
    Key words: Microtubules; Heat signaling; Klein-Gordon equation; Heisenberg principle,



23. Author: J. Marciak-Kozlowska, M. Kozlowski
    Title: Thermal waves induced by laser pulses in quantum corrals
    Reference: Lasers in Engineering, vol. 15, p. 257
    Year:2005
    Abstract:
    In this paper the possibility of the generation of the thermal waves in 2D electron gas is investigated. In the frame of the quantum heat transport theory the 2D quantum hyperbolic heat transfer equation is formulated and numerically solved. The obtained solutions are the thermal waves in electron 2D gases. As an example the thermal waves in quantum corrals are described.
    Key words: 2D electron gas; Quantum corrals; Thermal waves.



24. Author: J. Marciak-Kozlowska, M. Kozlowski
    Title: Thermal wave packets induced by attosecond laser pulses
    Reference: To be published in Lasers in Engineering, 2005
    http://lanl.arxiv.org/cond-mat/0412126
    Year: 2004
    Abstract:
    In this paper the dynamics of the interaction of attosecond laser pulses with matter is investigated. It will be shown that the master equation: modified Klein-Gordon equation describes the propagation of the heatons. Heatons are the thermal wave packets. When the duration of the laser pulses Delta t is of the order of attosecond the heaton-thermal wave packets are nondispersive objects. For Delta t to infty the heatons are damped with damping factor of the order of relaxation time for thermal processes.
    Key words: Temperature fields; Attosecond laser pulses; Heatons; Modified Klein-Gordon equation.



25. Author: J. Marciak-Kozlowska, M. Kozlowski, M. Pelc
    Title: pi-meson as the quanta of non-Newtonian hadronic fluid
    Reference: http://lanl.arxiv.org/nucl-th/0504060
    Year: 2005
    Abstract:
    It occurs that when we attempt to melt the nucleon in order to obtain the free quark gas, or QGP fluid the mass of the heat quantum (heaton) is equal to the p-meson mass.
    Key words: Heat quanta; Quantum heat transport; Quantum diffusion coefficient.



26. Author: J. Marciak-Kozlowska, M. Kozlowski, M. Pelc
    Title: Heisenberg uncertainty principle for thermal response of the microtubules excited by ultra-short laser pulses
    Reference: http://lanl.arxiv.org/q-bio.BM/0501031
    Year: 2005
    Abstract:
    In this paper the heat signaling in microtubules (MT) is investigated. It is argued that for the description of the heat signaling phenomena in MT, the hyperbolic heat transport (HHT) equation must be used. It is shown that HHT is the Klein-Gordon (K-G) equation. The general solution for the K-G equation for MT is obtained. For the undistorted signal propagation in MT the Heisenberg uncertainty principle is formulated and discussed.
    Key words: Microtubules; Heat signaling; Klein-Gordon equation; Heisenberg principle.



27. Author: J. Marciak-Kozlowska, M. Kozlowski
    Title: Dirac type thermal equation for thermal process induced by attosecond laser pulses
    Reference: Lasers in Engineering, vol. 15, No. 1-2 (2005)
    Year: 2005
    Abstract:
    In this paper the Dirac type thermal equation for relativistic heat carriers generated by attosecond laser pulses was developed and solved. The obtained temperature fields for electrons can be damped or can oscillate depending on the dynamics of the scattering.
    Key words: Dirac thermal equation, chirality, temperature fields



28. Author: J. Marciak-Kozlowska, M. Kozlowski
    Title: The Green function for thermal waves induced by attosecond laser pulses in one and three dimensions
    Reference: Lasers in Engineering, vol. 15, No. 1-2, (2005)
    http://lanl.arxiv.org/quant-ph/0403098
    Year: 2004
    Abstract:
    In this paper the solution of the hyperbolic Klein-Gordon thermal equation are obtained and discussed. The analytical form of the solution - Green functions are calculated for one and three dimensional cases. It is shown that only in three dimensional case the undisturbed, with one value of the velocity, thermal wave can be generated by attosecond laser pulses. The conductivity for the space-time inside the atom is calculated and the value s₀ = 10⁶ [ 1/(Wm)] is obtained.
    Key words: Attosecond laser pulses; Klein-Gordon equation; Green functions.



29. Author: M. Kozlowski, J. Marciak-Kozlowska
    Title: Space-time engineering with LASETRON pulses
    Reference: Lasers in Engineering, vol. 15, No. 1-2, (2005)
    http://lanl.arxiv.org/cond-mat/0308009
    Year: 2003
    Abstract:
    The LASETRON project (Phys. Rev. Lett., 88, (2002), p. 074801-1) offers the possibility of the investigation of electron-positron structure of the space-time. Following our results (From Quarks to Bulk Matter, Hadronic Press, 2001) we analyze theoretically possibility of the penetration of zeptosecond laser pulses (10-21 s) through space-time.
    Key words: Zeptosecond laser pulses; LASETRON; Electron-positron pairs; Space-time.
    



30. Author: J. Marciak-Kozlowska, M. Kozlowski
    Title: Weyl equation for temperature fields induced by attosecond laser pulses
    Reference: http://lanl.arxiv.org/cond-mat/0409076
    Year: 2004
    Abstract:
    In this paper the Weyl equation for temperature fields induced by laser beam interaction with matter is proposed and solved. Depending on the scattering mechanism the temperature field oscillate or is damped.
    Key words: Thermal processes; Weyl equation.



31. Author: M. Kozlowski, J. Marciak-Kozlowska
    Title: The time evolution of the Bohmian Pilot Wave
    Reference: http://lanl.arxiv.org/quant-ph/0406121
    Year: 2004
    Abstract:
    In this paper the Newton-Schrödinger-Bohm equation is solved for particles with m > M_P. It is shown that the Bohmian pilot wave for particles with m > M_P oscillates with frequency w = t_P^-1, where t_P is the Planck time.
    Key words: Macroscopic particles; Pilot wave.



32. Author: J. Marciak-Kozlowska, M. Kozlowski
    Title: Quantum thermal waves in quantum corrals
    Reference: http://lanl.arxiv.org/quant-ph/0405033
    Year: 2004
    Abstract:
    In this paper the possibility of the generation of the thermal waves in 2D electron gas is investigated. In the frame of the quantum heat transport theory the 2D quantum hyperbolic heat transfer equation is formulated and numerically solved. The obtained solutions are the thermal waves in electron 2D gases. As an example the thermal waves in quantum corrals are described.
    Key words: 2D electron gas; Quantum corrals; Thermal waves.



33. Author: J. Marciak-Kozlowska, M. Kozlowski
    Title: Nuclear collective processes study with attosecond laser pulses
    Reference: Lasers in Engineering, vol. 14, No. 3-4, (2004)
    http://lanl.arxiv.org/nucl-th/0403073
    Year: 2004
    Abstract:
    In this paper the possibility of the excitation of collective nuclear motion with attosecond laser pulses is investigated. Following our earlier results (Lasers in Engineering, 11 (2001), p. 259) the hyperbolic heat transport for nuclear matter is formulated and solved. It is shown that in the vicinity of the 30 MeV excitation energy the recollided electrons can excite the giant collective motions - thermal wave inside the nuclei.
    Key words: Attosecond laser pulses; Electronuclear reactions; Thermal waves; Giant resonances.



34. Author: J. Marciak-Kozlowska, M. Kozlowski
    Title: Sub- and supersonic heat motion induced by femtosecond laser pulses
    Reference: Lasers in Engineering, vol. 14, No. 3-4, (2004)
    http://lanl.arxiv.org/cond-mat/0311642
    Year: 2004
    Abstract:
    In this paper the superheating of electron plasma by femtosecond laser pulses is investigated. With Heaviside thermal equation (Lasers in Engineering, 12, (2002), p. 17) the generation of superhot electrons is described. It is shown that in hot electron plasma (i.e. with electron energies > 5 MeV) the thermal shock waves can be generated.
    Key words: Femtosecond laser pulses; Hot electron plasma; Shock thermal waves.
    



35. Author: J. Marciak-Kozlowska, M. Kozlowski
    Title: The thermal waves induced by ultra-short laser pulses in n-dimensional space-time
    Reference: Lasers in Engineering, vol. 14, No. 1-2, (2004)
    http://lanl.arxiv.org/cond-mat/0402159
    Year: 2004
    Abstract:
    In this paper the heat waves, induced by ultra-short laser pulses are considered. The hyperbolic heat transport in n-dimensional space-time is formulated and solved. It is shown that only for n-odd for heat waves the Huygens principle is fulfilled. The heat transport experiment for Cu₃Au alloy is considered.
    Key words: Hyperbolic heat transport; Thermal waves; Huygens principle; Cu₃Au alloy.
    



36. Author: J. Marciak-Kozlowska, M. Kozlowski
    Title: Schrödinger-Newton wave mechanics. The model
    Reference: http://lanl.arxiv.org/quant-ph/0402069
    Year: 2004
    Abstract:
    In this paper the Schrödinger equation (SE) with gravity term is developed and discussed. It is shown that the modified SE is valid for particles with mass m < M_P, M_P is the Planck mass, and contains the part which, we argue, describes the pilot wave. For m® M_P the modified SE has the solution with oscillatory term, i.e. strings.
    Key words: Schrödinger-Newton equation, Planck time, pilot wave.
    



37. Author: M. Kozlowski, J. Marciak-Kozlowska
    Title: Aging of the Universe and the fine structure constant
    Reference: http://lanl.arxiv.org/cond-mat/0307168
    Year: 2003
    Abstract:
    In this paper the aging of the Universe is investigated in the frame of quantum hyperbolic heat transport equation. For the open universe, when t® Ą, (^h/_2p)®Ą, c® 0 and fine structure constant, a, is constant.
    Key words: Quantum heat transport; Open universe; Fine structure constant.
    



38. Author: J. Marciak-Kozlowska, M. Kozlowski
    Title: The one-dimensional Boltzmann equation for the heat transport induced by ultra-short laser pulses
    Reference: Lasers in Engineering, vol. 13, No. 4, p.
    http://lanl.arxiv.org/cond-mat/0306700
    Year: 2003
    Abstract:
    In this paper the Boltzmann transport equation for thermal processes induced by ultra-short laser pulses is formulated and solved. For thermal process where the duration of the laser pulse (femtoseconds - attoseconds) is shorter than the relaxation time, the solution of Boltzmann equation differs from the solution of the Fourier equation. In this paper the formula for density current of the heat carrier is obtained. It is shown that for thin one-dimensional structures the current strongly depends on the scattering mechanism of the heat carriers.
    Key words: Boltzmann equation; Ultra-short laser pulses; Nonhomogenous materials.
    



39. Author: J. Marciak-Kozlowska, M. Kozlowski
    Title: Schrödinger equation for nanoscience,
    Reference: http://lanl.arxiv.org/cond-mat/0306699
    Year: 2003
    Abstract:
    The second order (in time) Schrödinger equation is proposed. The additional term (in comparison to Schrödinger equation) describes the interaction of particles with vacuum filled with virtual particle - antiparticle pairs (zitterbewegung).
    Key words: Schrödinger equation; Nanoscience; Zitterbewegung.



40. Author: J. Marciak-Kozlowska, M. Kozlowski
    Title: Nanoscience with attosecond laser pulses,
    Reference: http://lanl.arxiv.org/cond-mat/0306671
    Year: 2003
    Abstract:
    In this paper the interaction of attosecond laser pulses with matter is investigated. The scattering and potential motion of heat carriers as well as the external force are considered. Depending on the ratio of the scatterings and potential motion the heat transport is described by the thermal forced Klein-Gordon or thermal modified telegraph equation. For thermal Heisenberg type relation Vt ~ (^h/_2p) (t is the relaxation time and V is the potential) the heat transport is described by the thermal distortionless damped wave equation. In this paper Klein-Gordon, modified telegraph equation and wave equation are solved.
    Key words: Attosecond laser pulses; Quantum heat transport equation; Klein-Gordon thermal equation.



41. Author: M. Kozlowski
    Title: Against the possibility of the observation of the free quarks in the melting of nucleons,
    Reference: http://lanl.arxiv.org/hep-ph/0306046
    Year: 2003
    Abstract:
    In the paper the thermal energy transfer for elementary particles is described. The quantum heat transport equation is obtained. It is shown that for thermal excitation of the order of the relaxation time the excited matter response is quantized on the different levels (atomic, nuclear, quark) with quantum thermal energy equal E^atomic ~ 9 eV, E^nuclear ~ 7 MeV and E^quark ~ 139 MeV. As the result the quantum for the heating process of nucleons is the p-meson (consisting of the two quarks).
    Key words: Heat quanta; Quantum heat transport; Quantum diffusion coefficient.



42. Author: M. Kozlowski, J. Marciak-Kozlowska,
    Title: The ecosphere and the value of the electromagnetic fine structure constant,
    Reference: http://lanl.arxiv.org/astro-ph/0305533
    Year: 2003
    Abstract:
    Following the coincidence A x atomic year ~ Earth year (s), (A =Avogardo number, atomic year= a_B/ac,  a_B = Bohr radius, a = fine structure constant, c = light velocity) and considering the ,,niche'' for a, i. e. 180^-1 Ł a Ł 85^-1, the Ecosphere radius is calculated.
    Key words: Fine structure constant; Planet orbit radii.



43. Author: M. Kozlowski, J. Marciak-Kozlowska,
    Title: Beyond the Fourier equation: Quantum hyperbolic heat transport,
    Reference: http://lanl.arxiv.org/cond-mat/0304052
    Year: 2003
    Abstract:
    In this paper the quantum limit of heat transport induced by ultrashort laser pulses is discussed. The new quantum heat transport equation is derived. The relaxation time t = (^h/_2p)/mv_h² (v_h = thermal wave velocity) and diffusion coefficient D^e=(^h/_2p)/m are calculated.
    Key words: Hyperbolic heat transport; Ultra-short laser pulses; Quantum heat transport.



44. Author: M. Kozlowski, J. Marciak-Kozlowska,
    Title: Klein-Gordon thermal equation for a Preplanckian Universe,
    Reference: http://lanl.arxiv.org/astro-ph/0303256
    Year: 2003
    Abstract:
    In this paper the quantum hyperbolic equation formulated in [M. Kozlowski, J. Marciak-Kozlowska, From Quarks to Bulk Matter, Hadronic Press, 2001] is applied to the study of the propagation of the initial thermal state of the Universe. It is shown that the propagation depends on the barrier height. The Planck wall potential is introduced, V_P=(^h/_2p)/8t_P=1.25   10¹⁸ GeV where t_P is a Planck time. For the barrier height V < V_P the master thermal equation is the modified Klein-Gordon equation, and for barrier height V > V_P the master equation is the Klein-Gordon equation. The solutions of both type equations for Cauchy boundary conditions are discussed.
    Key words: Klein-Gordon equation; Thermal properties; Planck gas; Planck wall.



45. Author: M. Kozłowski, J. Marciak-Kozłowska,
    Title: Stability of matter in the accelerating spacetime
    Reference: http://lanl.arxiv.org/astro-ph/0301440
    Hadronic Journal Supplement , vol. 18, p. 457
    Year: 2003
    Abstract:
    In this paper the Planck, Yukawa and Bohr forces were defined and calculated. It was shown that the Planck force mediates the universe acceleration. The Yukawa and Bohr forces describe the gradients of attractive strong and Coulomb forces. It was shown that smallest, of the present day, value of Planck force in comparison to values of the Yukawa and Bohr force guarantees the stability of matter at T  (age  of  universe) ~ 10¹⁷ s. In this paper the new particle with mass m_Bohr ~ 3.7  keV/c² is postulated. The range of the Coulomb force at the atomic level is described by the formula r_atomic=(^h/_2p)/(m_Bohrc) ~ 0.1 nm. The relation of the Planck, Yukawa, Bohr to the Schwinger force (for vacuum creation of e⁺e^- pairs) is also outlined.



46. Author: J. Marciak-Kozłowska, M. Kozłowski,
    Title: Thermal transport induced by ultra-short laser pulses in molecular nanomaterials
    Reference: Lasers in Engineering, vol. 13, No. 2, p.107
    Year: 2003
    Abstract:
    In this paper the thermal transport in molecular electronics materials is described. Within the quantum heat transport equation (developed in our monograph: From Quarks to Bulk Matter) we investigate the heat transport induced by ultra-short laser pulses. As the molecular electronics materials example the heat transport in DNA strands is described and the formula for relaxation time is obtained.
    Key words: DNA strands; Quantum heat transport; Ultra-short laser pulses.



47. Author: J. Marciak-Kozłowska, M. Kozłowski,
    Title: Thermal conduction in one dimensional structures heated with ultra-short laser pulses
    Reference: Lasers in Engineering, vol. 13, No. 2, p.101
    Year: 2003
    Abstract:
    In this paper, following the hyperbolic heat transport equation and Pauli-Heinsenberg inequality, we show that for one dimensional heat transport, heat conductivity c, behaves like c L^1/3 where L is the dimension of the structure. When the ultra-short laser pulses heats the 1D nanostructure (like DNA strand) the heat current diverges as L^-2/3.
    Key words: One dimensional heat transport; Quantum heat transport; Thermal conductivity.



48. Author: M. Kozłowski, J. Marciak-Kozłowska
    Title: Zero Point Field (ZPF) effects in the interaction of the ultra-short laser pulses with matter
    Reference: Lasers in Engineering, vol. 12, p. 281
    Year: 2002
    Abstract:
    In this paper the effects of zero-point energy (ZPE) on the heat transport induced by ultra-short laser pulses is investigated. It will be shown that the existence of the zero-point energy in the physical vacuum influence the heat transport on the atomic level. The interaction of the building blocks of matter-atoms with the zero-point fields (ZPF), which generate the ZPE guarantees the stability of matter. The interaction of the ultra-short laser pulses (Dt ~ 1 as) with matter can be used as the source of the information on the ZPF.
    Key words: Ultra-short laser pulses; Quantum heat transport; Zero-point energy; Zero-point fields.



49. Author: J. Marciak-Kozłowska and M. Kozłowski
    Title: Causal heat transport induced by zeptosecond laser pulses
    Reference: Lasers in Engineering, vol. 12, p.201
    Year: 2002
    Abstract:
    In this paper the thermal phenomena induced by zeptosecond (10^-21 s) laser pulses are discussed. Considering the theoretical proposal of the lasetron, the Heaviside equation for heat transport on zeptosecond time scale was formulated. In the paper the modified Schrödinger equation (Lasers in Engineering, 12, (2002), 53) for quantum phenomena on the zeptosecond time scale was also discussed.
    Key words: Quantum heat transport; Zeptosecond laser pulses; Modified Schrödinger equation.



50. Author: M. Kozłowski, J. Marciak-Kozłowska
    Title: Possible thermal waves generation by femtosecond TESLA free electron laser (FEL)
    Reference: Lasers in Engineering, vol. 12, p. 95
    Year: 2002
    Abstract:
    In this paper the TESLA, free-electron laser (FEL) pulse interaction with matter is investigated. The hyperbolic heat transport equation and its solution are discussed. It is shown that as the result of interaction, damped thermal waves both type: undistorted and dispersed can be emitted.
    Key words: Free electron laser; Thermal waves; Heat transport.



51. Author: J. Marciak-Kozłowska, M. Kozłowski
    Title: Time and energy scales for the thermal properties of nanoparticles
    Reference: Materials Science Forum, vol. 384–385, p. 75
    Year: 2002
    Abstract:
    In this paper the structure of thermal excitation in nanoparticles is investigated. It is shown that in nanoparticles the temperature field is quantized. The energy of the heaton, the quantum of temperature field is calculated. It is shown that heaton energy depends on two constants of nature: a=¹/₁₃₇ (fine structure constant for electromagnetic interaction) and ß=m_e/m_p=1/1836 (m_e = electron mass, m_p = proton mass)



52. Author: J. Marciak-Kozłowska, M. Kozłowski
    Title: Spintronics at the nanostructure level
    Reference: Materials Science Forum, vol. 384–385, p. 71
    Year: 2002
    Abstract:
    In this paper the interaction of unpolarized ultra-short laser pulse with spin active nanostructure is investigated. In the nanostructures the heat transport is described by the equation ⁽¹⁾ For particles with spin (electrons/holes) potential V contains the spin-orbit term ⁽²⁾ where V_c(r) denotes the potential part which does not depend on spin, V_ls(r) describes the spin orbit interaction. In this paper the solution of the equation (1) is obtained.



53. Author: J. Marciak-Kozłowska, M. Kozłowski
    Title: Modified Schrödinger equation for attosecond laser pulse interaction with matter
    Reference: Lasers in Engineering, vol. 12, p. 53
    Year: 2002
    Abstract:
    Recently the measurement of X-ray pulses approaching the attosecond frontier was published (M. Drescher et al., Science 291, 2001 p. 1923). The attosecond laser pulse allows the study and control the motion of electrons inside atoms. In this paper we develop and solve the modified Schrödinger equation (MSE) which describes the interaction of electrons with its surroundings in atom. This interaction can be detected only with attosecond laser pulse, for the relaxation time of the interaction is of the order of 10 as.
    Key words: Attosecond laser pulses; Quantum heat transport; Modified Schrödinger equation.



54. Author: J. Marciak-Kozłowska and M. Kozłowski
    Title: Attophysics and technology with ultra short laser pulses
    Reference: Lasers in Engineering, vol. 12, p. 17
    Year: 2002
    Abstract:
    Abstract: In this paper the interaction of attosecond laser pulses with matter is investigated. The scattering and potential motion of heat carriers as well as the external force are considered. Depending on the ratio of the scattering and potential motion the heat transport is described by the thermal forced Klein-Gordon or thermal modified telegraph equation. For thermal Heisenberg type relation Vt ~ (^h/_2p) (t is the relaxation time and V is the potential) the heat transport is described by the thermal distortionless damped wave equation. In this paper Klein-Gordon, modified telegraph equation and wave equation are solved.
    Key words: Attosecond laser pulses; Quantum heat transport equation; Klein-Gordon thermal equation.



55. Author: Mirosław Kozłowski,Janina Marciak-Kozłowska
    Title: Radius, velocity and acceleration of the space-time
    Reference: Il Nuovo Cimento, vol. 116B, p. 821
    Year: 2001
    Abstract:
    In this paper considering quantum heat transport equation (QHT) formulated in our earlier papers the temperature for universes with G < 0 is calculated. As the solution of complex QHT (Schrödinger type equation), the temperature is complex also. We argue that due to anthropic limitation of the observer, ImT(r,t) = 0. From this condition the discretization of space-time radius R, velocity of the universe expansion v, Hubble parameter H and acceleration of the expansion a are calculated. The agreement with observational data for our Universe is quite good.



56. Author: Mirosław Kozłowski, Janina Marciak-Kozłowska, Zygmunt Mucha
    Title: Laser light induced p-mesons emission
    Reference: Lasers in Engineering, vol. 11, p. 259
    Year: 2001
    Abstract:
    In this paper the extended quantum heat transport equation (EQHT) will be formulated and applied to the study of the p -meson production in laser light interaction with matter. The cross section (transverse mass distribution) for the emission of the relativistic p -meson will be calculated. The temperature of the emitted pions (p -meson) will be obtained.
    Key words: Petawatt lasers; p -meson production; Cross section.



57. Author: Janina Marciak-Kozłowska, Mirosław Kozłowski
    Title: Laser melting of nanoparticles with negative heat capacity
    Reference: Lasers in Engineering, vol. 11, p. 209
    Year: 2001
    Abstract:
    In this paper the model for the negative heat capacity of the nanoparticles is described. Assuming the Coulomb type of the mutual interaction of ions and electrons in nanoparticle the total energy, temperature and heat capacity of the nanoparticle is calculated. It is shown that if the temperature field of nanoparticle is quantized, T ~ a ² , a - is the strength of the interaction, then the heat capacity C_v < 0.
    Key words: Nanoparticles; Heat transport; Negative heat capacity.



58. Author: Janina Marciak-Kozłowska, Mirosław Kozłowski and Zygmunt Mucha
    Title: Thermal waves in two-dimensional heterogenous materials
    Reference: Lasers in Engineering, vol. 11, p. 189
    Year: 2001
    Abstract:
    The scintillating mode of the thermal reaction waves is described within in the frame of the hyperbolic heat conduction equation. It was shown that oscillation of the temperature is the generic phenomenon for the rapid heating.
    Key words: Hyperbolic equation; Heterogenous materials; Temperature oscillations.



59. Author: M. Kozłowski, J. Marciak-Kozłowska
    Title: Gravitation and thermodynamics in a Planck Era
    Reference: Hadronic Journal 23, p. 189
    Year: 2000
    Abstract:
    The thermal properties of a Planck gas, i.e. gas of massive particles all with masses equal Planck mass is studied. The relaxation time and quantum diffusion coefficient for Planck gas are calculated. The new interpretation of a Planck time, is described. It is shown that for time period shorter than t_p the time reversal symmetry holds and for post-Planck time the time symmetry is broken, i.e. time arrow is created.
    PACS numbers: 9880H, 0440N, 9530T, 0570L



60. Author: M. Kozłowski, J. Marciak-Kozłowska
    Title: Nano heat phenomena
    Reference: NanoTechnology Magazine, vol. 6, p. 1
    Year: 2000



61. Author: M. Kozłowski, J. Marciak-Kozłowska
    Title: Ballistic and diffusion thermal pulse propagation in the attosecond time domain
    Reference: Lasers in Engineering, vol. 10, p. 293
    Year: (2000)
    Abstract:
    In this paper the heat transport on the atomic scale is investigated. The solution of the quantum heat transport (QHT) for the initial heat pulse f(t)=Sech²[t/t_s] with t_s=50 - 7000 attosecond (as) is obtained.
    Key words: Attosecond laser pulses; Ballistic and diffusion heat transport; Nanometer scale.



62. Author: M. Kozłowski, J. Marciak-Kozłowska
    Title: The polarization of the electrons emitted after ultrashort laser pulse interaction with spin active solids
    Reference: Lasers in Engineering 10, p. 255
    Year: 2000
    Abstract:
    In this paper the interaction of ultrashort laser pulses with spin active solids is investigated. The spin active solids is approximated by potential containing spin-orbit term. The solution of the quantum heat transport equation (with spin orbit term added) is presented. As the result the two temperature gas of heated electrons is obtained. The polarization of heated gas is calculated.
    Key words: Quantum heat transport; Spin active body; Spin-orbit coupling; Polarization of the electrons.



63. Author: M. Kozłowski, J. Marciak-Kozłowska
    Title: Hierarchical structure of the thermal excitation induced by ultrashort laser pulses
    Reference: Lasers in Engineering 10, p. 177
    Year: 2000
    Abstract:
    Following the result of our paper [Lasers in Engineering, in print] the unified description for thermal excitation of atoms, molecules and nanoparticles was formulated. It was shown that the thermal properties of nanoparticles resemble the thermal properties of atomic nucleus (but not atoms or molecules).
    Key words: Nanoparticles; Femtosecond; Laser pulses; Thermal properties.



64. Author: M. Kozłowski, J. Marciak-Kozłowska
    Title: Electron thermal relaxation in metallic nanoparticles heated with ultrashort laser pulses
    Reference: Lasers in Engineering, vol. 10, p. 37
    Year: 2000
    Abstract
    The electron thermal relaxation process in metallic nanoparticles is described. The results show that the relaxation time and velocity of the thermal wave for nanoparticles are size dependent. The calculated values of the relaxation time (t = 600-1600 fs) are compared to the existing experimental results and fairly good agreement is obtained.
    Key words: Nanoparticles; Thermal relaxation; Ultrashort laser pulses.



65. Author: M. Kozłowski, J. Marciak-Kozłowska
    Title: The planet orbit radii and the niche of the electromagnetic fine-structure constant
    Reference: ASP Conference Series 3 p. 108
    Year: 1999
    Abstract:
    Following the coincidence A · atomic year ~ Earth year (s), (A = Avogadro number, atomic year = a_B/a c, a_B = Bohr radius, a = fine-structure constant, c = light velocity) and considering the "niche" for a i.e. 180^-1Ł a Ł 85^-1, the niche for planet orbits is obtained.
    Key words: Fine-structure constant; Planet orbit radii.



66. Author: M. Kozłowski, J. Marciak-Kozłowska
    Title: Klein-Gordon thermal equation for a Planck gas
    Reference: Foundations of Physics Letters 12, p. 93
    Year: 1999
    Abstract:
    In this paper the quantum hyperbolic equation formulated in our earlier paper [Found. Phys. Lett. 10, p. 599, 1997] is applied to the study of the propagation of the initial thermal state of the Universe. It is shown that the propagation depends on the barrier height. For the barrier height V < 1.125 10¹⁸ GeV the master thermal equation is the modified telegrapher's equation, and for barrier height V > 1.125 10¹⁸ GeV the master equation is it the Klein-Gordon equation. The solutions of both type equations for Cauchy boundary conditions are discussed.
    Key words: Thermal properties; Planck gas; Potential barrier; Distorted thermal waves.



67. Author: M. Kozłowski, J. Marciak-Kozłowska
    Title: Quantum heat transport induced by ultrashort laser pulses: from basics to applications
    Reference: Lasers in Engineering 9, p. 305
    Year: 1999
    Abstract:
    In this paper the validity of the quantum heat transport equation (QHT) for the description of the thermal processes in electron, nucleon and quark gases is discussed. The shapes and ranges of the spherically symmetric potentials are calculated. In the frame - work of the QHT the quark confinement is discussed.
    Key words: Ultrashort laser pulses; Thermal processes; Electron; Nucleon; Quark gases.



68. Author: M. Kozłowski, J. Marciak-Kozłowska, Z. Mucha
    Title: Slowing and dephasing of the thermal wave induced by the femtosecond laser pulses
    Reference: Lasers in Engineering 9, p. 215
    Year: 1999
    Abstract:
    In this paper the hyperbolic heat conduction equation (HHC) is applied to study of the propagation of thermal wave in metals. It is shown that the initial thermal wave with pulsation w and velocity v propagates in medium with effective velocity , t denotes the relaxation time. Due to scattering the thermal wave changes the phase in medium.
    Key words: Femtosecond laser pulse; Thermal waves; Effective velocity; Phase change; Scattering.



69. Author: M. Kozłowski, J. Marciak-Kozłowska
    Title: Quantum heat transport on the molecular scale induced by femtosecond laser pulses
    Reference: Lasers in Engineering 9, p. 103
    Year: 1999
    Abstract:
    In this paper the thermal energy transport on the molecular scale is investigated. The quantum heat transport equation (QHT) formulated in our paper [Lasers in Engineering 7 (1998) 13] is applied to the study of the thermal excitation in molecular systems. The relaxation time t and velocity of the thermal wave v_h are calculated and the values t @ 40 fs and v_h @ 10^-2 nm/fs are obtained respectively. The characteristic "molecular" temperature for the molecular systems is obtained with the numerical value T_m ~ 316 K. This temperature defines what is generally termed as the "room temperature".
    Key words: Heat quanta; Quantum heat transport; Molecular systems; Ultrashort laser pulses.



70. Author: M. Kozłowski, J. Marciak-Kozłowska
    Title: Why quantum hyperbolic heat transport indeed?
    Reference: Lasers in Engineering 9, p. 39
    Year: 1999
    Abstract:
    In this paper the quantum heat transport equation formulated in our earlier papers [Lasers in Engineering 5 1996, p. 79, 6 1997, p. 1, 7 1998, p. 13] is applied to study of the thermal properties of a Planck gas. It is shown that in the limit of the extremely short time periods (Planck time = 10^-43 s) the relaxation time for thermal processes depends only on the fundamental constants: h, c, G and thermal diffusion coefficient .
    Keywords: Quantum heat transport; Planck gas; Fundamental constants.



71. Author: M. Kozłowski, J. Marciak-Kozłowska, Z. Mucha
    Title: Metastable thermal states induced by ultrashort laser pulses
    Reference: Lasers in Engineering 8, p. 175
    Year: 1999
    Abstract:
    In this paper the interaction of ultrashort laser pulses with double barrier structure is investigated. It is shown that as the result of this interaction the thermal metastable states in double barrier structures are created. The residence time of thermal energy for metastable states is defined and calculated. For the energy, (^h/_2p)w < 5 eV the residence time is of the order of femtoseconds.
    Key words: Double barrier structures; Klein-Gordon thermal equation; Metastable thermal states; Residence time.



72. Author: M. Kozłowski, J. Marciak-Kozłowska, Z. Mucha
    Title: Metastable thermal states in semiconductor double barrier structures
    Reference: Materials Science Forum, Vols. 297-298, p. 217
    Year: 1999



73. Author: M. Kozłowski, J. Marciak-Kozłowska
    Title: Klein-Gordon equation for quantum heat transport in semiconductors
    Reference: Materials Science Forum, Vols. 297-298, p. 213
    Year: 1999



74. Author: M. Kozłowski, J. Marciak-Kozłowska
    Title: Klein-Gordon equation for heat transfer induced by ultrashort laser pulses
    Reference: Lasers in Engineering 8, p. 11
    Year: 1998
    Abstract:
    In this paper the quantum heat transport in nonhomogenous structures is investigated. It is shown that when nonhomogenity creates potential barriers, the height of the potential barrier changes the type of the quantum heat transport equation. For barrier height V₀ < 1.125 eV the quantum heat transport equation (QHT) is the modified telegrapher's equation and for V₀ > 1.125 eV the QHT is the Klein-Gordon equation.
    Key words: Klein-Gordon equation; Nonhomogenous structures; Ultrashort laser pulses.



75. Author: M. Kozłowski, J. Marciak-Kozłowska
    Title: The distortionless quantum thermal waves induced by ultrashort laser pulses
    Reference: Lasers in Engineering 7, p. 81
    Year: 1998
    Abstract
    In this paper the quantum heat transport in the presence of the potential (other than the thermal one) is investigated. The new quantum heat transport equation, which generalizes our potential free QHT equation [Lasers in Engineering 5, 79, 1996] is developed. The thermal wave solution of the new QHT, for Cauchy boundary conditions is obtained.
    Key words: Quantum heat transport; Distortionless thermal waves; Ultrashort laser pulses.



76. Author: M. Kozłowski, J. Marciak-Kozłowska
    Title: Thermal spectrum of the fermionic matter excited by ultrashort superenergetic laser pulses
    Reference: Lasers in Engineering 7, p. 13
    Year: 1998
    Abstract:
    In this paper a new solution of quantum heat transport (QHT), [Lasers in Engineering 5, p. 79 1996] for Cauchy boundary conditions is obtained. It is shown that for a short time thermal excitation, the excited fermionic matter (electrons and nucleons) response is quantized on the different levels (atomic, nuclear) with quantum thermal energy equal E^atomic~9 eV, E^nuclear=7 MeV. The static solutions to QHT are obtained and Debye-Hückl and Yukawa potential for atomic matter and nuclear matter are deduced.
    Key words: Heat quanta; Fermionic matter; Quantum heat transport; Ultrashort laser pulses.



77. Author: M. Kozłowski, J. Marciak-Kozłowska
    Title: Velocity spectra of the relativistic electrons emitted after solid irradiation with femtosecond laser pulses
    Reference: Lasers in Engineering 6, p. 247
    Year: 1998
    Abstract:
    In this paper the new phenomenon, the density oscillations of the relativistic electrons emitted after irradiation of solid with femtosecond laser pulse is investigated. The relativistic distribution function for electrons is discussed. It is shown that for electrons with temperature T electron mass the spectra of the emitted electrons are strongly localized around velocity u = c (c = light velocity) and the shape of the velocity spectra is described by the term g⁵  (g = (1-(u²/c²))^-1/2).
    Key words: Density oscillations; Femtosecond laser pulses; Relativistic velocity spectra.



78. Author: M. Kozłowski, J. Marciak-Kozłowska
    Title: The smearing out of the thermal initial conditions created in a Planck Era
    Reference: Foundations of Physics Letters 10, p. 599
    Year: (1997)
    Abstract:
    In this paper the quantum heat transport in a Planck gas in the presence of the potential (other than the thermal one) is investigated. The new quantum heat transport equation which generalizes our potential free QHT [Foundations of Physics Letters (vol. 10, No 3, 1997] is developed. The thermal wave solution of QHT for a Planck gas is obtained and condition for distortionless propagation of thermal wave is formulated. It is argued that the initial conditions of the Beginning (i.e. for t = 0) are smeared in the time scale of the Planck time.
    Key words: Thermal properties; Planck gas; Distortionless thermal wave.



79. Author: M. Kozłowski, J. Marciak-Kozłowska
    Title: The time arrow in a Planck gas
    Reference: Foundations of Physics Letters 10, p. 295
    Year: 1997
    Abstract:
    In this paper the quantum heat transport equation (QHT) is applied to the study of thermal properties of Planck gas, i.e. gas of the massive particles with mass equal Planck mass, and relaxation time equals Planck time, . The quantum of thermal energy for Planck gas, E^Planck=10¹⁹ GeV and quantum thermal diffusion coefficient D^Planck =(hG/c)^1/2 are calculated. Within the framework of QHT the thermal phenomena in Planck gas can be divided into two classes, for time period shorter than t_p the time reversal symmetry holds and for time period longer than t_p, time symmetry is broken, i.e. time arrow is created.
    Key words: Planck gas; Quantum heat transport; Time arrow.



80. Author: J. Marciak-Kozłowska, M. Kozłowski
    Title: Brownian representation of quantum heat transport induced by attosecond laser pulses
    Reference: Lasers in Engineering 6, p. 141
    Year: 1997
    Abstract:
    In this paper the interaction of attosecond (10^-18 s) laser pulses with solids is described. Within previously developed quantum heat transport equation [Lasers in Engineering 5, 79 (1996)] the quantum path of the heat carriers is studied. It is shown that for time the quantum path has fractal dimension d_f = 2. For Dt < t (i.e. for attosecond laser pulses) the quantum particle moves on straight line with velocity v_h which is equal the thermal wave velocity. In the relativistic limit v_h® c the mean free path for heat carriers is the reduced Compton wave length .
    Key words: Attosecond laser pulses; Quantum heat transport; Quantum path dimension.



81. Author: M. Kozłowski, J. Marciak-Kozłowska
    Title: Thermal spectrum of the hadronic matter
    Reference: Hadronic Journal 20, p. 289
    Year: 1997
    Abstract:
    In the paper the thermal energy spectrum of the hadronic matter is described. For the high excited hadronic matter the quantum heat transport equation is obtained. It is shown that for short time thermal excitation (of the order of the relaxation time) the excited hadronic matter response is quantized with quantum thermal energy equal: E^nuclear~ 7 MeV and E^quark~ 139 MeV.



82. Author: J. Marciak-Kozłowska, M. Kozłowski
    Title: Quantum conductance and diffusion of the nanostructures
    Reference: Lasers in Engineering 6, p. 1
    Year: 1997
    Abstract:
    In the paper the thermal and electrical properties of the nanostructures are described. Using the QHT-quantum heat transport equation it will be shown that conductance G of the nanostructures is quantized and conductance quantum G₀ =2e²/h. Conductance quantum G₀ is proportional to the v_h, velocity of the thermal wave generated by ultrashort laser pulse, .
    Key words: Conductance quantum; Nanostructures; Quantum heat transport.



83. Author: J. Marciak-Kozłowska, M. Kozłowski
    Title: Quantum microscale heat transport
    Reference: International Centre for Heat and Mass Transfer (ICHMT) Symposium, Yokohama, vol. I p. 13
    Year: 1996 December 1-4
    Abstract:
    As is well known Nelson [Phys. Rev. 150, 1079 (1966)] succeed in deriving the Schrödinger equation from the assumption that quantum particles follow continous trajectories in chaotic background. The derivation of the usual linear Schrödinger equation follows only if the diffusion coefficient D, associated with quantum Brownian motion takes the values D=h/2m as assumed by Nelson.



84. Author: J. Marciak-Kozłowska, M. Kozłowski and Z. Mucha
    Title: Quantum dynamics and heat transport in solids irradiated with femtosecond laser pulses
    Reference: Heat Transfer Science and Technology, High Education Press, p. 295
    Year: 1996
    When a high energy laser pulse hits the solid it is possible that very short relaxation time is obtained (t ~ 1 fs). In that case the mean free path, l, of the hot electron is the order of the thermal de Broglie wavelength l_B. The temperature domain for which l is of the order of l_B is defined as the quantum limit of the heat transport. In this paper the new quantum heat transport equation (QHT) is obtained, the relaxation time t = (^h/_2p)/mv²_h and quantum diffusion coefficient D^Q_T=(^h/_2p)/m are calculated. The QHT is solved for the heat flux: 10¹⁸ Wcm^-2 and the following initial temperature is obtained: T_i ~ 100 MeV for nanometer gold films.
    Key words: Femtosecond laser pulses; Quantum heat transport; Quantum diffusion coefficient.



85. Author: J. Marciak-Kozłowska and M. Kozłowski
    Title: Thermal diffusivity of GaAs thin film irradiated with ultrashort laser pulses
    Reference: Lasers in Engineering 5, p. 227
    Year: 1996
    Abstract:
    In this paper the thermal diffusivity for thin GaAs film was calculated. The two regimes of the heat transfer were considered: slow diffusion (Fourier law) and fast diffusion (hyperbolic heat transport) The reduction of the thin film diffusivity in comparison to the bulk value was obtained. The comparison of the existing experimental data and calculations of the thermal diffusivity shows good agreement.
    Key words: GaAs, Thin film, Thermal diffusivity, Ultrashort laser pulses.



86. Author: J. Marciak-Kozłowska and M. Kozłowski
    Title: Discretization of the thermal excitation in highly excited matter
    Foundation of Physics Letters 9, p. 235
    Year: 1996
    Abstract:
    In the paper the thermal energy diffusion for quantum particles is described. The quantum heat transport equation is obtained. It is shown that for short time thermal excitation (of the order of the relaxation time) the excited matter response is quantized on the different levels (atomic, nuclear, quark) with quantum thermal energy equal E^atomic~9 eV, E^nuclear~7 MeV and E^quark~139 MeV.
    Key words: heat quanta, quantum heat transport, quantum diffusion coefficient.



87. Author: J. Marciak-Kozłowska and M. Kozłowski
    Title: Density waves of the charge carriers photoexcited in semiconductors by ultrashort laser pulses
    Reference: Lasers in Engineering 5, p. 207
    Year: 1996
    Abstract:
    In this paper the new method for the description of the charge density propagation in semiconductors was proposed. Considering the correlated random walk theory the damped wave equation (DWE) for charge density in semiconductors was developed. The numerical solution of the Gaussian initial value problem was obtained. It was shown that in the case of DWE the initial charge density propagates as the damped wave. The slow (Fick diffusion) and fast (density wave) diffusion in multiple quantum well is discussed.
    Key words: Charge density waves; Semiconductors, Ultrashort pulse lasers.



88. Author: J. Marciak-Kozłowska and M. Kozłowski
    Title: The quantum heat transport equation for femtosecond laser pulses
    Reference: Lasers in Engineering 5, p. 79
    Year: 1996
    Abstract:
    In this paper the new quantum heat transport equation (QHT) for very hot electron gas is obtained. The relaxation time t = (^h/_2p)/mv²_h and quantum diffusion coefficient D^Q_T=(^h/_2p)/m are calculated. The QHT equation is solved for two values of the heat fluxes: 10¹¹ Wcm^-2 and 10¹⁹ Wcm^-2 and the following initial temperatures are obtained T_i ~ 1 eV and T_i ~ 100 MeV respectively for nanometer gold films.
    Key words: Femtosecond laser pulses; Quantum heat transport; Quantum diffusion coefficient.



89. Author: J. Marciak-Kozłowska and M. Kozłowski
    Title: Velocity of thermal waves generated by femtosecond laser pulses in nanometer thick gold films
    Reference: Lasers in Engineering 5, p. 51
    Year: 1996



90. Author: J. Marciak-Kozłowska, Z. Mucha and M. Kozłowski
    Title: Picosecond thermal pulses in thin gold films
    Reference: Int. J. Thermophysics 16, p. 489
    Year: 1995
    Abstract:
    In this paper it has been shown that, with the advent of lasers with very short pulse duration, the effect of thermal wave propagation becomes important. To consider this effect, hyperbolic heat conduction in thin gold films was studied. It was shown that for heat fluxes of the order 10⁸ Wcm^-2, a thermal wave is generated in thin gold films. The consideration of the hyperbolicity of heat transfer enables one to describe the temperature profile with one value of fluence.
    Key words: Hyperbolic heat diffusion; Heat waves; Pulse heating; Thin metal films.



91. Author: J. Marciak-Kozłowska, Z. Mucha and M. Kozłowski
    Title: Hyperbolic versus parabolic heat conduction in laser beam irradiated thin metal films
    Reference: Lasers in Engineering 4, p. 57
    Year: 1995
    Abstract:
    In paper we describe the relaxation dynamics of electron temperature in thin gold film (l=0.03 µm) irradiated with ultrafast laser pulse (Dt=0.4 ps). It is argued that for thin metal film heat is transported as the thermal wave with velocity v_s=1 µm/ps. For l~0.03-0.06 µm the reflection of the thermal waves is predicted. Comparison of the calculations and existing data suggests the possible observation of thermal wave in recent experiments.
    Key words: Hyperbolic heat conduction; Picosecond laser beam; Thin metal films.



92. Author: M. Kozłowski
    Title: New massive strange particle
    Reference: Physics Essays 7, p. 261
    Year: 1994
    Abstract:
    Considering Dirac's Large Number Hypothesis the mass and radius of multinucleon aggregate with A ~ 10¹⁴ nucleons and r~1 angstrem is predicted. The hypothetical particle has the mass within the mass region of massive boson which mediates the nucleon decay in GUT theories. The strange matter drop (SMD) with A ~ 10¹⁴, p ~ 10¹⁴ g/cm3 and r~1 angstrem can be candidate for new massive particle.
    Key words: Large number hypothesis; Hubble distance; Gravitational fine-structure constant; Electromagnetic fine structure constant.

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