Courses for students - programs
Basic Course: "Fundamentals of X-Ray and Neutron Diffraction"
(3rd year, 1 semester, 2 hrs per week, examination)
- Basic knowledge of X-rays (X-ray tube, characteristic and continuous spectrum;
synchrotron sources, synchrotron radiation characteristics, insertion devices:
wigglers and undulators; interactions of X-rays with matter: real absorption,
inelastic (Compton) scattering, elastic (Thomson and Rayleigh) scattering by
free electrons, Rayleigh scattering by atoms; X-ray refraction, total external
reflection, X-ray reflectometry).
- Basic knowledge of neutrons (neutron as a particle; neutron sources: reactors
and spallation sources, neutron spectra, de Broglie waves of neutrons of different
energies, thermal neutrons; neutron scattering by atoms: cross section, scattering
length and its dependence on atomic number, isotopic inconsistency; neutron
refraction).
- Elements of crystallography (point lattice, translation symmetry,
crystallographic systems, crystal symmetry, Bravais lattices, examples of
crystal structures, reciprocal lattice, Brillouin zones, Wigner-Seitz cell).
- Xray diffraction (Laue conditions, Bragg condition, diffraction in reciprocal
lattice; kinematical theory, intensities of reflected beams, structure factor,
Laue and Bragg geometry; X-ray topography and other experimental methods).
- Neutron diffraction (structure factors for neutrons, comparison with X-rays).
- Experimental methods of X-ray and neutron diffraction (Laue method,
rotating-crystal method, Debye-Scherrer method, diffractometry,
crystal structure determination).
Specialized Course: "X-Ray Physics I + II"
(4th and 5th year, respectively, 2 hrs per week each,
examination after the first year)
- General properties, sources, synchrotron radiation.
- Interactions with matter (absorption, photoelectric effect,
photoelectron spectroscopy; Thomson, Rayleigh and Compton scattering;
refraction and x-ray reflectometry).
- Defects in crystals.
- Dynamical theory of diffraction (dynamical effects in perfect crystals,
diffraction in distorted crystals, Takagi-Taupin theory,
numerical simulations).
- Experimental methods (standing waves, diffractometry, powder diffraction,
lattice parameter determination, X-ray interferometry, X-ray optics,
structure determination, many-beam cases, grazing-icidence diffraction,
quasicrystals).
- X-ray scattering (inelastic scattering, comparison with neutrons;
diffuse scattering, point defects studies; small-angle scattering).
- X-ray emission and absorption spectroscopy (EXAFS, SAXS).
- Overview of X-ray and other materials science methods (X-ray reflectometry,
thin layer studies; X-ray microscopy; phase-contrast methods;
X-ray lithography; electron spectroscopy, electron diffraction, LEED, RHEED).
- Free-electron lasers (undulators).
|